Alert archive / California / High Wind Watches in 2011
High Wind Watch 2, NWS Reno, NV
NWS Reno, NV issued this high wind watch at Mar 14, 2011, 3:22 PM PDT for Mono County, California. It took effect at Mar 15, 2011, 5:00 PM PDT. It was in force for .
The area
The counties it named.
The facts
- Issued
- Mar 14, 2011, 3:22 PM PDT (22:22 UTC)
- In effect from
- Mar 15, 2011, 5:00 PM PDT
- Expired
- Mar 14, 2011, 10:51 PM PDT
- In force
- Issued by
- NWS Reno, NV
County Mono County, CA
The radar
The San Joaquin Valley radar (KHNX), 192 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 22:20 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
The nearest sounding before it
Reno, NV (KREV), launched 12:00Z, 10.4 hours before the alert went out and 191 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 0 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- No buoyant parcel
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 579 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 63 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 16 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 169 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 0.0
The text
As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.
342 WWUS75 KREV 142222 NPWREV URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE RENO NV 322 PM PDT MON MAR 14 2011 ...WINDY WITH LOCALLY VERY STRONG WINDS TUESDAY AND TUESDAY NIGHT... .ENERGETIC FLOW OFF THE PACIFIC WILL BRING INCREASING WINDS FOR TUESDAY AND TUESDAY NIGHT AHEAD OF A STRONG COLD FRONT. WIND PRONE AREAS COULD SEE GUSTS AS HIGH AS 70 MPH...ESPECIALLY IN THE SIERRA FOOTHILLS AND ALONG HIGHWAY 395 FROM RENO SOUTH. PEOPLE IN THE ADVISORY AND HIGH WIND WATCH AREAS SHOULD SECURE LOOSE OUTDOOR ITEMS. MOTORISTS WITH HIGH PROFILE VEHICLES SHOULD BE PREPARED FOR DIFFICULT DRIVING CONDITIONS. NVZ003-151200- /O.NEW.KREV.WI.Y.0004.110315T1800Z-110316T0600Z/ GREATER RENO-CARSON CITY-MINDEN AREA- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...SPARKS...GARDNERVILLE...VIRGINIA CITY 322 PM PDT MON MAR 14 2011 ...WIND ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM 11 AM TO 11 PM PDT TUESDAY... THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN RENO HAS ISSUED A WIND ADVISORY... WHICH IS IN EFFECT FROM 11 AM TO 11 PM PDT TUESDAY. * TIMING: WINDS WILL INCREASE TUESDAY MORNING. WINDS SHOULD REACH THEIR STRONGEST TUESDAY AFTERNOON AND EARLY EVENING BEFORE DECREASING BY LATER TUESDAY EVENING AS A COLD FRONT APPROACHES AND WIDESPREAD RAIN DEVELOPS. * WINDS: SOUTH TO SOUTHWEST 20 TO 35 MPH WITH GUSTS TO 55 MPH. WINDS ARE EXPECTED TO GUST AS HIGH AS 70 MPH IN WIND PRONE AREAS SUCH AS GALENA...WASHOE VALLEY...AND SOUTHWEST OF MINDEN- GARDNERVILLE. * IMPACTS: THERE COULD BE DAMAGE TO OUTDOOR OBJECTS THAT ARE NOT FIRMLY SECURED. HIGH PROFILE VEHICLES WILL EXPERIENCE DIFFICULT DRIVING CONDITIONS...ESPECIALLY ON NORTH TO SOUTH FACING ROADS. TRAVELING RESTRICTIONS ARE POSSIBLE FOR HIGH PROFILE VEHICLES THROUGH THE WASHOE VALLEY. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... MOTORISTS...ESPECIALLY IN HIGH PROFILE VEHICLES...SHOULD USE CAUTION AND REMAIN ALERT FOR SUDDEN GUSTS OR CROSS WINDS. CHECK OUR WEBSITE AT WEATHER.GOV/RENO OR LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO FOR UPDATES. && $$ CAZ070-071-NVZ005-151200- /O.NEW.KREV.WI.Y.0004.110315T1800Z-110316T0600Z/ SURPRISE VALLEY CALIFORNIA-LASSEN-EASTERN PLUMAS- EASTERN SIERRA COUNTIES-NORTHERN WASHOE COUNTY- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...CEDARVILLE...FORT BIDWELL...PORTOLA... SUSANVILLE...EMPIRE...GERLACH 322 PM PDT MON MAR 14 2011 ...WIND ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM 11 AM TO 11 PM PDT TUESDAY... THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN RENO HAS ISSUED A WIND ADVISORY... WHICH IS IN EFFECT FROM 11 AM TO 11 PM PDT TUESDAY. * TIMING: WINDS WILL INCREASE TUESDAY MORNING. WINDS SHOULD REACH THEIR STRONGEST TUESDAY AFTERNOON AND EARLY EVENING BEFORE DECREASING AS A COLD FRONT APPROACHES AND WIDESPREAD PRECIPITATION DEVELOPS. * WINDS: SOUTHWEST 20 TO 30 MPH WITH GUSTS TO 50 MPH. GUSTS AS HIGH AS 60 MPH IN WIND PRONE AREAS SUCH AS HIGHWAY 395 SOUTH OF SUSANVILLE...THE SIERRA VALLEY...AND THE SURPRISE VALLEY. * IMPACTS: THERE COULD BE DAMAGE TO OUTDOOR OBJECTS THAT ARE NOT FIRMLY SECURED. HIGH PROFILE VEHICLES WILL EXPERIENCE DIFFICULT DRIVING CONDITIONS...ESPECIALLY ON NORTH TO SOUTH FACING ROADS. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... MOTORISTS...ESPECIALLY IN HIGH PROFILE VEHICLES...SHOULD USE CAUTION AND REMAIN ALERT FOR SUDDEN GUSTS OR CROSS WINDS. CHECK OUR WEBSITE AT WEATHER.GOV/RENO OR LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO FOR UPDATES. && $$ CAZ072-NVZ002-151200- /O.NEW.KREV.LW.Y.0019.110315T1500Z-110316T1200Z/ GREATER LAKE TAHOE AREA- 322 PM PDT MON MAR 14 2011 ...LAKE WIND ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM 8 AM TUESDAY TO 5 AM PDT WEDNESDAY FOR LAKE TAHOE... THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN RENO HAS ISSUED A LAKE WIND ADVISORY FOR LAKE TAHOE...WHICH IS IN EFFECT FROM 8 AM TUESDAY TO 5 AM PDT WEDNESDAY. * WINDS: SOUTH TO SOUTHWEST 10 TO 20 MPH WITH GUSTS TO 30 MPH INCREASING TO 20 TO 30 MPH WITH GUSTS TO 45 MPH BY MIDDAY TUESDAY. * WAVE HEIGHTS: 1 TO 3 FEET IN THE MORNING INCREASING TO 2 TO 4 FEET IN THE AFTERNOON. THE HIGHEST WAVES WILL BE ON THE NORTHERN AND EASTERN SHORES FROM CRYSTAL BAY TO GLENBROOK. * BOATS WILL BE PRONE TO CAPSIZING OR SWAMPING AND SHOULD REMAIN OFF LAKE WATERS UNTIL CONDITIONS IMPROVE. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... CHECK OUR WEBSITE AT WEATHER.GOV/RENO OR LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO FOR UPDATES ON THIS SITUATION. && $$ NVZ004-151200- /O.NEW.KREV.LW.Y.0019.110315T1800Z-110316T0200Z/ WESTERN NEVADA BASIN AND RANGE INCLUDING PYRAMID LAKE- 322 PM PDT MON MAR 14 2011 ...LAKE WIND ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM 11 AM TO 7 PM PDT TUESDAY FOR PYRAMID LAKE... THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN RENO HAS ISSUED A LAKE WIND ADVISORY FOR PYRAMID LAKE...WHICH IS IN EFFECT FROM 11 AM TO 7 PM PDT TUESDAY. * WINDS: SOUTH TO SOUTHWEST 20 TO 30 MPH WITH GUSTS TO 45 MPH. * WAVE HEIGHTS: INCREASING TO 2 TO 4 FEET IN THE AFTERNOON...HIGHEST ON THE NORTHERN AND EASTERN SHORES. * SMALL BOATS WILL BE PRONE TO CAPSIZING AND SHOULD REMAIN OFF LAKE WATERS UNTIL CONDITIONS IMPROVE. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... CHECK OUR WEBSITE AT WEATHER.GOV/RENO OR LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO FOR UPDATES ON THIS SITUATION. && $$ CAZ073-151200- /O.NEW.KREV.HW.A.0002.110316T0000Z-110316T1500Z/ MONO- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...BRIDGEPORT...MAMMOTH LAKES 322 PM PDT MON MAR 14 2011 ...HIGH WIND WATCH IN EFFECT FROM TUESDAY AFTERNOON THROUGH WEDNESDAY MORNING... THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN RENO HAS ISSUED A HIGH WIND WATCH...WHICH IS IN EFFECT FROM TUESDAY AFTERNOON THROUGH WEDNESDAY MORNING. * TIMING: WINDS WILL INCREASE TUESDAY AFTERNOON AND REMAIN GUSTY THROUGH TUESDAY NIGHT BEFORE DECREASING WEDNESDAY MORNING AS A COLD FRONT APPROACHES AND PRECIPITATION INCREASES. * WINDS: SOUTH TO SOUTHWEST 20 TO 35 MPH WITH GUSTS TO 55 MPH. WINDS COULD INCREASE TO AS HIGH AS 25 TO 40 MPH WITH GUSTS TO 70 MPH. * IMPACTS: HIGH PROFILE VEHICLES ALONG HIGHWAY 395 WILL EXPERIENCE DIFFICULT DRIVING CONDITIONS. MOTORISTS SHOULD BE ALERT FOR SUDDEN STRONG WIND GUSTS. IF A HIGH WIND WARNING IS ISSUED...DAMAGING WINDS AND DANGEROUS DRIVING CONDITIONS WILL BE POSSIBLE. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A HIGH WIND WATCH MEANS THERE IS POTENTIAL FOR STRONG DAMAGING WINDS TO AFFECT THE AREA. CONTINUE TO MONITOR THE LATEST FORECASTS AT WEATHER.GOV/RENO. && $$ HTTP://WEATHER.GOV/RENO
1 follow-up statement
504 WWUS75 KREV 150551 NPWREV URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE RENO NV 1051 PM PDT MON MAR 14 2011 ...VERY STRONG WINDS TUESDAY AND TUESDAY NIGHT... .ENERGETIC FLOW OFF THE PACIFIC WILL BRING STRONG WINDS FOR TUESDAY AND TUESDAY NIGHT AHEAD OF A COLD FRONT. WIND PRONE AREAS COULD SEE GUSTS AS HIGH AS 75 MPH...ESPECIALLY IN THE SIERRA FOOTHILLS AND ALONG HIGHWAY 395 FROM RENO SOUTH TO MONO COUNTY. PEOPLE IN THE ADVISORY AND WARNING AREAS SHOULD SECURE LOOSE OUTDOOR ITEMS. MOTORISTS IN HIGH PROFILE VEHICLES SHOULD BE PREPARED FOR DIFFICULT OR POSSIBLY DANGEROUS DRIVING CONDITIONS. CAZ072-NVZ002-151800- /O.CAN.KREV.LW.Y.0019.110315T1500Z-110316T1200Z/ /O.EXB.KREV.WI.Y.0004.110315T1500Z-110316T0600Z/ GREATER LAKE TAHOE AREA- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...SOUTH LAKE TAHOE...TRUCKEE... INCLINE VILLAGE 1051 PM PDT MON MAR 14 2011 ...WIND ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM 8 AM TO 11 PM PDT TUESDAY... THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN RENO HAS ISSUED A WIND ADVISORY... WHICH IS IN EFFECT FROM 8 AM TO 11 PM PDT TUESDAY. THE LAKE WIND ADVISORY HAS BEEN CANCELLED. * WINDS: SOUTH TO SOUTHWEST 15 TO 25 MPH WITH GUSTS TO 45 MPH INCREASING TO 20 TO 30 MPH WITH GUSTS TO 50 MPH BY MIDDAY TUESDAY. RIDGE GUSTS IN THE SIERRA NEAR 100 MPH. * WAVE HEIGHTS: 1 TO 3 FEET IN THE MORNING INCREASING TO 2 TO 5 FEET IN THE AFTERNOON. THE HIGHEST WAVES WILL BE ON THE NORTHERN AND EASTERN SHORES FROM CRYSTAL BAY TO GLENBROOK. * BOATS WILL BE PRONE TO CAPSIZING OR SWAMPING AND SHOULD REMAIN OFF LAKE WATERS UNTIL CONDITIONS IMPROVE. * IMPACTS: DAMAGE MAY OCCUR TO OUTDOOR OBJECTS THAT ARE NOT FIRMLY SECURED. MOTORISTS IN HIGH PROFILE VEHICLES WILL EXPERIENCE DIFFICULT DRIVING CONDITIONS...ESPECIALLY ON NORTH TO SOUTH FACING ROADS. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... CHECK OUR WEBSITE AT WEATHER.GOV/RENO OR LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO FOR UPDATES ON THIS SITUATION. && $$ NVZ003-151800- /O.UPG.KREV.WI.Y.0004.110315T1800Z-110316T0600Z/ /O.NEW.KREV.HW.W.0002.110315T1800Z-110316T0600Z/ GREATER RENO-CARSON CITY-MINDEN AREA- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...SPARKS...GARDNERVILLE...VIRGINIA CITY 1051 PM PDT MON MAR 14 2011 ...HIGH WIND WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 11 AM TO 11 PM PDT TUESDAY... THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN RENO HAS ISSUED A HIGH WIND WARNING...WHICH IS IN EFFECT FROM 11 AM TO 11 PM PDT TUESDAY. THE WIND ADVISORY IS NO LONGER IN EFFECT. * TIMING: STRONGEST WINDS TUESDAY AFTERNOON AND EARLY EVENING BEFORE DECREASING BY LATER TUESDAY EVENING AS A COLD FRONT APPROACHES AND WIDESPREAD RAIN DEVELOPS. * WINDS: SOUTH TO SOUTHWEST 25 TO 40 MPH WITH GUSTS TO 65 MPH. GUSTS AS HIGH AS 75 MPH IN WIND PRONE AREAS SUCH AS GALENA...WASHOE VALLEY...AND SOUTHWEST OF MINDEN-GARDNERVILLE. * IMPACTS: DAMAGE MAY OCCUR TO TREES...POWER LINES AND PROPERTY...ESPECIALLY OUTDOOR OBJECTS THAT ARE NOT FIRMLY SECURED OR MOVED INDOORS. * TRAVEL IMPACTS: MOTORISTS WILL EXPERIENCE DANGEROUS DRIVING CONDITIONS...ESPECIALLY ON NORTH TO SOUTH FACING ROADS SUCH AS HIGHWAY 395. TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS ARE LIKELY FOR HIGH PROFILE VEHICLES THROUGH THE WASHOE VALLEY. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... CHECK OUR WEBSITE AT WEATHER.GOV/RENO OR LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO FOR UPDATES ON THIS SITUATION. && $$ CAZ073-151800- /O.UPG.KREV.HW.A.0002.110316T0000Z-110316T1500Z/ /O.NEW.KREV.HW.W.0002.110315T2100Z-110316T1500Z/ MONO- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...BRIDGEPORT...MAMMOTH LAKES 1051 PM PDT MON MAR 14 2011 ...HIGH WIND WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 2 PM TUESDAY TO 8 AM PDT WEDNESDAY... THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN RENO HAS ISSUED A HIGH WIND WARNING...WHICH IS IN EFFECT FROM 2 PM TUESDAY TO 8 AM PDT WEDNESDAY. THE HIGH WIND WATCH IS NO LONGER IN EFFECT. * TIMING: WINDS WILL INCREASE TUESDAY AFTERNOON AND REMAIN STRONG THROUGH TUESDAY NIGHT BEFORE DECREASING WEDNESDAY MORNING AS A COLD FRONT APPROACHES AND PRECIPITATION INCREASES. * WINDS: SOUTH TO SOUTHWEST 20 TO 35 MPH WITH GUSTS TO 55 MPH...INCREASING TO 25 TO 40 MPH WITH GUSTS TO 70 MPH LATE TUESDAY AFTERNOON. RIDGE GUSTS IN THE SIERRA NEAR 100 MPH. * IMPACTS: DAMAGE MAY OCCUR TO TREES...POWER LINES AND PROPERTY...ESPECIALLY OUTDOOR OBJECTS THAT ARE NOT FIRMLY SECURED OR MOVED INDOORS. * TRAVEL IMPACTS: MOTORISTS...ESPECIALLY IN HIGH PROFILE VEHICLES...ALONG HIGHWAY 395 WILL EXPERIENCE DANGEROUS DRIVING CONDITIONS AND SHOULD BE ALERT FOR SUDDEN STRONG WIND GUSTS. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... CHECK OUR WEBSITE AT WEATHER.GOV/RENO OR LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO FOR UPDATES ON THIS SITUATION. && $$ NVZ001-151800- /O.EXB.KREV.WI.Y.0004.110315T2100Z-110316T1500Z/ MINERAL AND SOUTHERN LYON COUNTIES- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...HAWTHORNE...YERINGTON...SMITH VALLEY 1051 PM PDT MON MAR 14 2011 ...WIND ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM 2 PM TUESDAY TO 8 AM PDT WEDNESDAY... THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN RENO HAS ISSUED A WIND ADVISORY... WHICH IS IN EFFECT FROM 2 PM TUESDAY TO 8 AM PDT WEDNESDAY. * TIMING: STRONGEST WINDS LATE TUESDAY AFTERNOON AND EVENING BEFORE DECREASING AS A COLD FRONT APPROACHES AND WIDESPREAD PRECIPITATION DEVELOPS. * WINDS: SOUTHWEST 20 TO 30 MPH WITH GUSTS TO 50 MPH. GUSTS AS HIGH AS 60 MPH IN WIND PRONE AREAS SUCH AS HIGHWAY 95 ALONG WALKER LAKE. * IMPACTS: DAMAGE MAY OCCUR TO OUTDOOR OBJECTS THAT ARE NOT FIRMLY SECURED. MOTORISTS IN HIGH PROFILE VEHICLES WILL EXPERIENCE DIFFICULT DRIVING CONDITIONS...ESPECIALLY ON NORTH TO SOUTH FACING ROADS INCLUDING HIGHWAY 95. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... CHECK OUR WEBSITE AT WEATHER.GOV/RENO OR LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO FOR UPDATES. && $$ CAZ070-071-NVZ005-151800- /O.CON.KREV.WI.Y.0004.110315T1800Z-110316T0600Z/ SURPRISE VALLEY CALIFORNIA-LASSEN-EASTERN PLUMAS- EASTERN SIERRA COUNTIES-NORTHERN WASHOE COUNTY- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...CEDARVILLE...FORT BIDWELL...PORTOLA... SUSANVILLE...EMPIRE...GERLACH 1051 PM PDT MON MAR 14 2011 ...WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 11 AM TO 11 PM PDT TUESDAY... A WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 11 AM TO 11 PM PDT TUESDAY. * TIMING: STRONGEST WINDS TUESDAY AFTERNOON AND EARLY EVENING BEFORE DECREASING AS A COLD FRONT APPROACHES AND WIDESPREAD PRECIPITATION DEVELOPS. * WINDS: SOUTHWEST 20 TO 30 MPH WITH GUSTS TO 50 MPH. GUSTS AS HIGH AS 60 MPH IN WIND PRONE AREAS SUCH AS HIGHWAY 395 SOUTH OF SUSANVILLE...THE SIERRA VALLEY...AND THE SURPRISE VALLEY. * IMPACTS: DAMAGE MAY OCCUR TO OUTDOOR OBJECTS THAT ARE NOT FIRMLY SECURED. MOTORISTS IN HIGH PROFILE VEHICLES WILL EXPERIENCE DIFFICULT DRIVING CONDITIONS...ESPECIALLY ON NORTH TO SOUTH FACING ROADS. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... CHECK OUR WEBSITE AT WEATHER.GOV/RENO OR LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO FOR UPDATES. && $$ NVZ004-151800- /O.CON.KREV.LW.Y.0019.110315T1800Z-110316T0200Z/ WESTERN NEVADA BASIN AND RANGE INCLUDING PYRAMID LAKE- 1051 PM PDT MON MAR 14 2011 ...LAKE WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 11 AM TO 7 PM PDT TUESDAY FOR PYRAMID LAKE... A LAKE WIND ADVISORY FOR PYRAMID LAKE REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 11 AM TO 7 PM PDT TUESDAY. * WINDS: SOUTH TO SOUTHWEST 20 TO 30 MPH WITH GUSTS TO 45 MPH. * WAVE HEIGHTS: INCREASING TO 2 TO 4 FEET IN THE AFTERNOON... HIGHEST ON THE NORTHERN AND EASTERN SHORES. * SMALL BOATS WILL BE PRONE TO CAPSIZING AND SHOULD REMAIN OFF LAKE WATERS UNTIL CONDITIONS IMPROVE. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... CHECK OUR WEBSITE AT WEATHER.GOV/RENO OR LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO FOR UPDATES ON THIS SITUATION. && $$ AH/MJD HTTP://WEATHER.GOV/RENO
The office that day
Everything else NWS Reno, NV issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mar 14, 3:22 PM PDT | Lake Wind Advisory | REV | Alpine, El Dorado, Nevada, Placer | 28 hr |
| Mar 14, 3:22 PM PDT | Wind Advisory | REV | Alpine, El Dorado, Lassen, Modoc, Nevada, Placer and 2 more | 37 hr |
Nearby
High Wind Watches in California, 2011Every high wind watch in 2011
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.