Alert archive / Mississippi / Flash Flood Warnings in 2011

Flash Flood Warning 80, NWS Memphis, TN

April 27, 20118 counties in Mississippi; 4 counties in Arkansas; Shelby County, Tennessee

NWS Memphis, TN issued this flash flood warning at Apr 27, 2011, 6:33 AM CDT for 8 counties in Mississippi; 4 counties in Arkansas; Shelby County, Tennessee. It was in force for 4 hr. 1 report came from inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.

The facts

Issued
Apr 27, 2011, 6:33 AM CDT (11:33 UTC)
Expired
Apr 27, 2011, 10:30 AM CDT
In force
4 hr
Issued by
NWS Memphis, TN
Area
Storm-based polygon
Flood severity
None

Counties Crittenden County, AR, Lee County, AR, Phillips County, AR, St. Francis County, AR, Coahoma County, MS, DeSoto County, MS, Panola County, MS, Quitman County, MS, Tallahatchie County, MS, Tate County, MS, Tunica County, MS, Yalobusha County, MS, Shelby County, TN

The radar

The Memphis radar (KNQA), 124 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 11:34 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What was reported inside it

TimeReportWhereRemark
Apr 27, 7:30 AM CDTFLASH FLOODSenatobia, MSNUMEROUS ROADS CLOSED COUNTYWIDE

Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.

The nearest sounding before it

Little Rock, AR (KLZK), launched 00:00Z, 11.6 hours before the alert went out and 73 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Little Rock, AR at 00:00Z on 2011-04-27Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 468 joules per kilogram.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Little Rock, AR at 00:00Z on 2011-04-27The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 334 square meters per square second.1939587897117Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
468 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-130 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
966 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
77 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
334 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
505 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.7
Supercell composite
17.7

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

120 
WGUS54 KMEG 271133
FFWMEG
ARC035-077-107-123-MSC027-033-107-119-135-137-143-161-TNC157-271530-
/O.NEW.KMEG.FF.W.0080.110427T1133Z-110427T1530Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/

BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
FLASH FLOOD WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MEMPHIS TN
633 AM CDT WED APR 27 2011

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN MEMPHIS HAS ISSUED A

* FLASH FLOOD WARNING FOR...
  SOUTHERN CRITTENDEN COUNTY IN EASTERN ARKANSAS...
  LEE COUNTY IN EASTERN ARKANSAS...
  PHILLIPS COUNTY IN EASTERN ARKANSAS...
  ST. FRANCIS COUNTY IN EASTERN ARKANSAS...
  COAHOMA COUNTY IN NORTHWEST MISSISSIPPI...
  DESOTO COUNTY IN NORTHWEST MISSISSIPPI...
  PANOLA COUNTY IN NORTHWEST MISSISSIPPI...
  QUITMAN COUNTY IN NORTHWEST MISSISSIPPI...
  TALLAHATCHIE COUNTY IN NORTHWEST MISSISSIPPI...
  TATE COUNTY IN NORTHWEST MISSISSIPPI...
  TUNICA COUNTY IN NORTHWEST MISSISSIPPI...
  WESTERN YALOBUSHA COUNTY IN NORTHWEST MISSISSIPPI...
  SHELBY COUNTY IN SOUTHWEST TENNESSEE...

* UNTIL 1030 AM CDT

* AT 633 AM CDT... OVER THE PAST 3 HOURS. SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS
  WILL PRODUCE AN ADDITIONAL 2 TO 4 INCHES OF RAIN

* LOCATIONS IN THE WARNING INCLUDE BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO ELAINE...
  FORREST CITY...HELENA...HUGHES...MADISON...MARIANNA...MARION...
  MARVELL...PALESTINE...WEST HELENA...WEST MEMPHIS...BATESVILLE...
  CHARLESTON AND CLARKSDALE.

 THIS WARNING ALSO INCLUDES AREAS NEAR ARKABUTLA LAKE...BEAVERDAM
  LAKE...DESOTO LAKE...ENID LAKE...FLOWER LAKE...GRASSY LAKE...HORN
  LAKE...HORSESHOE LAKE...LAKE MCKELLAR...MIDWAY LAKE...MOON LAKE...
  OLD TOWN LAKE...ROBCO LAKE AND TUNICA LAKE.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

.MOST FLOOD DEATHS OCCUR IN AUTOMOBILES. NEVER DRIVE YOUR VEHICLE
INTO AREAS WHERE THE WATER COVERS THE ROADWAY. FLOOD WATERS ARE
USUALLY DEEPER THAN THEY APPEAR. JUST ONE FOOT OF FLOWING WATER IS
POWERFUL ENOUGH TO SWEEP VEHICLES OFF THE ROAD. WHEN ENCOUNTERING
FLOODED ROADS MAKE THE SMART CHOICE...TURN AROUND...DONT DROWN.

.STAY TUNED TO THIS BROADCAST FOR THE LATEST UPDATES AND INFORMATION.
TO REPORT FLASH FLOODING ONLY...CALL 1 800 4 3 2 0 8 7 5.

&&

LAT...LON 3390 9046 3398 9046 3398 9065 3412 9067
      3414 9109 3434 9105 3435 9100 3447 9100
      3447 9103 3508 9093 3515 9064 3515 9050
      3518 9050 3538 8972 3388 8969 3389 8992
      3384 8992 3381 9020

$$
2 follow-up statements
342 
WGUS74 KMEG 271216
FFSMEG

FLASH FLOOD STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MEMPHIS TN
716 AM CDT WED APR 27 2011

ARC035-077-107-123-MSC027-033-107-119-135-137-143-161-TNC157-271530-
/O.CON.KMEG.FF.W.0080.000000T0000Z-110427T1530Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
PHILLIPS AR-LEE AR-ST. FRANCIS AR-CRITTENDEN AR-DESOTO MS-TUNICA MS-
TATE MS-PANOLA MS-COAHOMA MS-QUITMAN MS-YALOBUSHA MS-TALLAHATCHIE MS-
SHELBY TN-
716 AM CDT WED APR 27 2011

...A FLASH FLOOD WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1030 AM CDT FOR
SHELBY...TALLAHATCHIE...WESTERN YALOBUSHA...QUITMAN...COAHOMA...
PANOLA...TATE...TUNICA...DESOTO...SOUTHERN CRITTENDEN...ST.
FRANCIS...LEE AND PHILLIPS COUNTIES...

AT 717 AM CDT... SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS WILL PRODUCE AN ADDITIONAL
2 TO 4 INCHES OF RAIN OVER THE NEXT 3 HOURS.

LOCATIONS IN THE WARNING INCLUDE BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO ELAINE...
FORREST CITY...HELENA...HUGHES...MADISON...MARIANNA...MARION...
MARVELL...PALESTINE...WEST HELENA...WEST MEMPHIS...BATESVILLE...
CHARLESTON...CLARKSDALE...HERNANDO...HORN LAKE...OLIVE BRANCH...
SENATOBIA...SOUTHAVEN...BARTLETT...GERMANTOWN...MIDTOWN MEMPHIS...
MILLINGTON...CORDOVA...GEORGE PAYNE STATE PARK...JOHN W KYLE STATE
PARK...ST FRANCIS NATIONAL PARK AND WHITE RIVER NATIONAL WILDLIFE
REFUGE.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

.MOST FLOOD DEATHS OCCUR IN AUTOMOBILES. NEVER DRIVE YOUR VEHICLE
INTO AREAS WHERE THE WATER COVERS THE ROADWAY. FLOOD WATERS ARE
USUALLY DEEPER THAN THEY APPEAR. JUST ONE FOOT OF FLOWING WATER IS
POWERFUL ENOUGH TO SWEEP VEHICLES OFF THE ROAD. WHEN ENCOUNTERING
FLOODED ROADS MAKE THE SMART CHOICE...TURN AROUND...DONT DROWN.

.STAY TUNED TO THIS BROADCAST FOR THE LATEST UPDATES AND INFORMATION.
TO REPORT SEVERE WEATHER ONLY...CALL 1 800 4 3 2 0 8 7 5.

&&

LAT...LON 3390 9046 3398 9046 3398 9065 3412 9067
      3414 9109 3434 9105 3435 9100 3447 9100
      3447 9103 3508 9093 3515 9064 3515 9050
      3518 9050 3538 8972 3388 8969 3389 8992
      3384 8992 3381 9020

$$
081 
WGUS74 KMEG 271441
FFSMEG

FLASH FLOOD STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MEMPHIS TN
941 AM CDT WED APR 27 2011

ARC035-077-107-123-MSC027-033-107-119-135-137-143-161-TNC157-271530-
/O.CON.KMEG.FF.W.0080.000000T0000Z-110427T1530Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
PHILLIPS AR-LEE AR-ST. FRANCIS AR-CRITTENDEN AR-DESOTO MS-TUNICA MS-
TATE MS-PANOLA MS-COAHOMA MS-QUITMAN MS-YALOBUSHA MS-TALLAHATCHIE MS-
SHELBY TN-
941 AM CDT WED APR 27 2011

...A FLASH FLOOD WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1030 AM CDT FOR
SHELBY...TALLAHATCHIE...WESTERN YALOBUSHA...QUITMAN...COAHOMA...
PANOLA...TATE...TUNICA...DESOTO...SOUTHERN CRITTENDEN...ST.
FRANCIS...LEE AND PHILLIPS COUNTIES...

AT 941 AM CDT...DOPPLER RADAR ESTIMATES 3 TO 5 INCHES OF RAINFALL HAS
OCCURRED OVER THE PAST 3 HOURS. SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS WILL
PRODUCE AN ADDITIONAL 2 TO 4 INCHES OF RAIN OVER THE NEXT 3 HOURS.

LOCATIONS IN THE WARNING INCLUDE BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO ELAINE...
FORREST CITY...HELENA...HUGHES...MADISON...MARIANNA...MARION...
MARVELL...PALESTINE...WEST HELENA...WEST MEMPHIS...BATESVILLE...
CHARLESTON...CLARKSDALE...HERNANDO...HORN LAKE...OLIVE BRANCH...
SENATOBIA...SOUTHAVEN...BARTLETT...GERMANTOWN...MIDTOWN MEMPHIS...
MILLINGTON...CORDOVA...GEORGE PAYNE STATE PARK...JOHN W KYLE STATE
PARK...ST FRANCIS NATIONAL PARK AND WHITE RIVER NATIONAL WILDLIFE
REFUGE.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

.MOST FLOOD DEATHS OCCUR IN AUTOMOBILES. NEVER DRIVE YOUR VEHICLE
INTO AREAS WHERE THE WATER COVERS THE ROADWAY. FLOOD WATERS ARE
USUALLY DEEPER THAN THEY APPEAR. JUST ONE FOOT OF FLOWING WATER IS
POWERFUL ENOUGH TO SWEEP VEHICLES OFF THE ROAD. WHEN ENCOUNTERING
FLOODED ROADS MAKE THE SMART CHOICE...TURN AROUND...DONT DROWN.

.STAY TUNED TO THIS BROADCAST FOR THE LATEST UPDATES AND INFORMATION.
TO REPORT SEVERE WEATHER ONLY...CALL 1 800 4 3 2 0 8 7 5.

&&

LAT...LON 3390 9046 3398 9046 3398 9065 3412 9067
      3414 9109 3434 9105 3435 9100 3447 9100
      3447 9103 3508 9093 3515 9064 3515 9050
      3518 9050 3538 8972 3388 8969 3389 8992
      3384 8992 3381 9020

$$

The office that day

Everything else NWS Memphis, TN issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Apr 26, 7:00 PM CDTTornado WarningMEGCoahoma, Panola, Quitman, Tate, Tunica30 min
Apr 26, 7:06 PM CDTTornado WarningMEGCoahoma, Lafayette, Panola, Quitman54 min
Apr 26, 7:17 PM CDTTornado WarningMEGDeSoto, Marshall43 min
Apr 26, 7:19 PM CDTTornado WarningMEGDeSoto, Marshall, Panola, Quitman, Tate, Tunica56 min
Apr 26, 7:20 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMEGDeSoto37 min
Apr 26, 7:21 PM CDTTornado WarningMEGBenton, Lafayette, Marshall, Panola, Quitman, Tate and 2 more54 min
Apr 26, 7:49 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMEGBenton, Marshall56 min
Apr 26, 7:54 PM CDTTornado WarningMEGLafayette, Marshall, Panola, Tate51 min
Apr 26, 8:04 PM CDTTornado WarningMEGBenton, Lafayette, Marshall, Tate, Tippah, Union56 min
Apr 26, 8:07 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMEGAlcorn, Benton, Marshall, Tippah68 min
Apr 26, 8:12 PM CDTTornado WarningMEGDeSoto, Marshall, Panola, Tate35 min
Apr 26, 8:26 PM CDTRiver Flood WarningMEGQuitman13 days
Apr 26, 8:53 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMEGCoahoma, Quitman, Tunica67 min
Apr 26, 8:55 PM CDTTornado WarningMEGAlcorn, Benton, Tippah65 min
Apr 26, 8:57 PM CDTFlash Flood WarningMEGBenton, DeSoto, Lafayette, Marshall, Tate, Tippah6 hr
Apr 26, 8:58 PM CDTTornado WarningMEGBenton, Marshall, Tippah47 min
Apr 26, 9:01 PM CDTTornado WarningMEGCoahoma, DeSoto, Panola, Quitman, Tate, Tunica59 min
Apr 26, 9:09 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMEGAlcorn, Benton, Tippah51 min
Apr 26, 9:52 PM CDTTornado WarningMEGCoahoma, DeSoto, Panola, Quitman, Tate, Tunica53 min
Apr 26, 9:53 PM CDTTornado WarningMEGTippah35 min
Apr 26, 10:04 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMEGDeSoto56 min
Apr 26, 10:27 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMEGDeSoto, Marshall, Tate48 min
Apr 26, 10:44 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMEGCoahoma, DeSoto, Lafayette, Panola, Quitman, Tate and 1 more46 min
Apr 26, 11:13 PM CDTTornado WarningMEGDeSoto, Marshall, Panola, Tate47 min
Apr 26, 11:29 PM CDTFlash Flood WarningMEGCoahoma, DeSoto, Panola, Quitman, Tate, Tunica6 hr
Apr 26, 11:56 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMEGBenton, Marshall, Tippah49 min
Apr 27, 1:54 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMEGCalhoun, Chickasaw, Pontotoc, Yalobusha36 min
Apr 27, 2:07 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMEGCalhoun, Lafayette, Pontotoc, Yalobusha23 min
Apr 27, 2:24 AM CDTTornado WarningMEGAlcorn, Tippah31 min
Apr 27, 2:26 AM CDTFlash Flood WarningMEGAlcorn, Benton, Lafayette, Marshall, Tate, Tippah4 hr
Apr 27, 2:27 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMEGCalhoun, Chickasaw, Lafayette, Lee, Monroe, Pontotoc and 1 more48 min
Apr 27, 2:38 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMEGBenton, Lafayette, Marshall, Pontotoc, Tippah, Union52 min
Apr 27, 2:42 AM CDTTornado WarningMEGBenton, Lafayette, Marshall, Tippah, Union48 min
Apr 27, 2:55 AM CDTTornado WarningMEGChickasaw, Itawamba, Lee, Monroe65 min
Apr 27, 3:11 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMEGChickasaw, Itawamba, Lee, Pontotoc, Prentiss39 min
Apr 27, 3:13 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMEGAlcorn, Prentiss, Tippah, Union47 min
Apr 27, 3:14 AM CDTTornado WarningMEGAlcorn, Prentiss, Tippah, Tishomingo, Union46 min
Apr 27, 3:38 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMEGItawamba, Tishomingo24 min
Apr 27, 3:48 AM CDTTornado WarningMEGTishomingo18 min
Apr 27, 6:57 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMEGCoahoma, Quitman, Tunica48 min
Apr 27, 7:14 AM CDTFlash Flood WarningMEGAlcorn, Benton, Calhoun, Chickasaw, Itawamba, Lafayette and 10 more4 hr
Apr 27, 7:29 AM CDTTornado WarningMEGItawamba, Monroe46 min
Apr 27, 7:40 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMEGCoahoma, Panola, Quitman, Tallahatchie, Tate, Tunica and 1 more50 min
Apr 27, 7:46 AM CDTFlash Flood WarningMEGTishomingo6 hr
Apr 27, 8:18 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMEGBenton, Lafayette, Marshall, Panola, Tate, Tippah and 1 more42 min
Apr 27, 8:24 AM CDTTornado WarningMEGLafayette, Marshall, Panola, Pontotoc, Union51 min
Apr 27, 8:28 AM CDTTornado WarningMEGAlcorn, Benton, Lafayette, Marshall, Prentiss, Tippah and 2 more47 min
Apr 27, 8:58 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMEGCalhoun, Chickasaw, Lafayette, Panola, Pontotoc, Yalobusha47 min
Apr 27, 9:07 AM CDTTornado WarningMEGAlcorn, Benton, Prentiss, Tippah, Tishomingo, Union38 min
Apr 27, 9:14 AM CDTTornado WarningMEGItawamba, Lafayette, Lee, Pontotoc, Prentiss, Tippah and 2 more46 min
Apr 27, 9:45 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMEGCalhoun, Chickasaw, Itawamba, Lafayette, Lee, Monroe and 2 more45 min
Apr 27, 9:56 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMEGAlcorn, Itawamba, Lee, Prentiss, Tishomingo34 min
Apr 27, 10:01 AM CDTTornado WarningMEGItawamba, Prentiss, Tishomingo25 min
Apr 27, 10:07 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMEGItawamba, Lee, Monroe38 min
Apr 27, 10:08 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMEGDeSoto37 min
Apr 27, 10:32 AM CDTFlash Flood WarningMEGCoahoma, DeSoto, Marshall, Panola, Quitman, Tallahatchie and 3 more4 hr
Apr 27, 10:55 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMEGBenton, DeSoto, Marshall, Tate, Tippah, Tunica50 min
Apr 27, 11:10 AM CDTTornado WarningMEGDeSoto, Marshall, Tate50 min
Apr 27, 11:18 AM CDTFlash Flood WarningMEGAlcorn, Benton, Calhoun, Chickasaw, Itawamba, Lafayette and 10 more6 hr
Apr 27, 11:54 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMEGCoahoma, DeSoto, Panola, Quitman, Tate, Tunica51 min
Apr 27, 11:56 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMEGCoahoma, Panola, Quitman49 min
Apr 27, 12:06 PM CDTRiver Flood WarningMEGQuitman14 days
Apr 27, 12:06 PM CDTRiver Flood WarningMEGCalhoun10 hr
Apr 27, 12:13 PM CDTTornado WarningMEGCoahoma, Lafayette, Panola, Quitman, Tallahatchie, Yalobusha62 min
Apr 27, 12:33 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMEGBenton, DeSoto, Marshall, Tate, Tunica42 min
Apr 27, 1:00 PM CDTTornado WarningMEGCalhoun, Lafayette, Marshall, Panola, Pontotoc, Quitman and 3 more60 min
Apr 27, 1:03 PM CDTTornado WarningMEGCalhoun, Lafayette, Panola, Tallahatchie, Yalobusha42 min
Apr 27, 1:19 PM CDTTornado WarningMEGCalhoun, Lafayette, Panola, Pontotoc, Quitman, Tallahatchie and 1 more41 min
Apr 27, 1:32 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMEGBenton, Marshall, Tippah28 min
Apr 27, 1:37 PM CDTTornado WarningMEGCalhoun, Itawamba, Lafayette, Lee, Pontotoc, Prentiss and 3 more53 min
Apr 27, 1:45 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMEGCalhoun, Chickasaw, Lafayette, Lee, Pontotoc, Union and 1 more45 min
Apr 27, 1:50 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMEGAlcorn, Benton, Lafayette, Marshall, Panola, Prentiss and 2 more40 min
Apr 27, 1:55 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMEGBenton, Marshall, Tippah12 min
Apr 27, 1:56 PM CDTFlash Flood WarningMEGTishomingo3 hr
Apr 27, 2:01 PM CDTTornado WarningMEGCalhoun, Chickasaw, Lafayette, Pontotoc, Yalobusha44 min
Apr 27, 2:23 PM CDTTornado WarningMEGAlcorn, Prentiss, Tippah, Tishomingo, Union37 min
Apr 27, 2:25 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMEGAlcorn, Benton, Lafayette, Marshall, Prentiss, Tippah and 1 more50 min
Apr 27, 2:29 PM CDTTornado WarningMEGCalhoun, Chickasaw, Lee, Pontotoc, Yalobusha46 min
Apr 27, 2:31 PM CDTTornado WarningMEGCalhoun, Chickasaw, Lafayette, Lee, Pontotoc, Union44 min
Apr 27, 2:32 PM CDTAreal Flood WarningMEGCoahoma, DeSoto, Panola, Quitman, Tallahatchie, Tate and 2 more3 days

Nearby

Flash Flood Warnings in Mississippi, 2011Flash Flood Warnings in Arkansas, 2011Flash Flood Warnings in Tennessee, 2011Every flash flood warning in 2011

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.